• Glucagon was described as an

  2022-03-24

  

  Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue as early as 1965 (Samols et al., 1965). Our studies extend these findings by demonstrating that this is a direct effect mediated by distinct receptors in the mouse pancreas. Previous experiments on isolated β Sildenafil Citrate clearly show that glu

• As we showed earlier a to min incubation

  2022-03-23

  

  As we showed earlier [19], a 20- to 30-min incubation with 2mM t-BHP resulted in erythrocyte swelling, which was less in a Ca2+-containing medium. Given that this effect was abolished in the presence of the Gardos channel inhibitor CLT, as well as in media high in K+, we suggested the contribution f

• br Conclusion H R H R

  2022-03-23

  

  Conclusion H1R, H2R, and H3R mRNAs were expressed in rat OE. Moreover, these three histamine receptors were present in the cytoplasm of ORNs in OE. This is the first report of the expression and localization of histamine receptors in mammalian OE. These findings indicate that histamine may play a

• Sugar gliders and hedgehogs are insectivores and

  2022-03-23

  

  Sugar gliders and hedgehogs are insectivores and actively seek arthropods in nightly forays. It is suspected that Triatoma were not feeding on the sugar gliders and hedgehogs, but rather were being eaten. The oral route of infection is often nonfatal and induces a carrier state in South American did

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-03-23

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion I have identified an alternative transcript of the integrin αE gene that is abundantly expressed in testis. In humans, this transcript (hAED) includes part of intron 26 and exons 27, 29, 30, and 31 of the conventional αE gene and Northern analysis in

• br Other mechanisms In vitamin B

  2022-03-23

  

  Other mechanisms In vitamin B6 deficiency, antibody production may be indirectly impaired [38]. Grindley et al. [4] showed that high dietary intake of vitamin B6 (74.3 mg PN/kg diet) suppresses herpes simplex virus type 2 transformed cell-induced tumor growth and enhances immune status compared w

• G protein coupled receptor GPCR ligands can be classified as

  2022-03-22

  

  G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands can be classified as either orthosteric or allosteric modulators. Orthosteric and endogenous ligands bind to the same site, which is topologically distinct from the allosteric site. In general, the binding domains of different orthosteric ligands may not exa

• Cortisol is a natural glucocorticoid hormone produced by

  2022-03-22

  

  Cortisol is a natural glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Its secretion is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, and its main function is to mobilize energy to protect the homeostasis of vital biochemical processes during physical and psychological stress [14]. Chronic lev

• Na K ATPase adenosine triphosphate ATP and astrocytic

  2022-03-22

  

  Na+/K+-ATPase, dna-pk inhibitor and astrocytic glutamate transporters act together to maintain sodium and potassium gradients and the proper activities of EAAT1 and EAAT2 (Rose et al., 2009; Sheean et al., 2013); nevertheless, in present study, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was shown to be increased as fr

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-03-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In nerve terminals, Na+-dependent glutamate transporters of the plasma membrane are responsible for the maintenance of low (non-toxic) extracellular glutamate concentrations and accomplish uptake of glutamate into the pramiracetam of neurons and gli

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2022-03-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The glucose transporter GLUT1 can be acutely activated or inhibited in L929 fibroblast 5ht by a wide variety of reagents or nutrient conditions [[9], [10], [11], [12],36,50]. This abrupt change in the activity of GLUT1 occurs within minutes and witho

• The current gold standard for diagnosing

  2022-03-22

  

  The current gold standard for diagnosing BAM or BAD is the measurement of BA turnover rate with radiolabelled tauroselcholic (75selenium) LY 303511 (also known as the SeHCAT retention test). SeHCAT test involves the use of a synthetic analogue of naturally occurring conjugated taurocholic acid and

• br Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and

  2022-03-22

  

  Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and facilitates inflammation in the course of liver disease progression. Thus, understanding the regulatory basis for sensing and responding to damage-associated inflammatory processes in the liver’s parenchymal cells is a primary issue in liver pathophysi

• br Author contributions br Declaration of conflict of intere

  2022-03-22

  

  Author contributions Declaration of conflict of interest Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Director, National Institute of Immunology for his support. The work was partially supported by J.C. Bose Fellowship to SSM. We acknowledge the help from staff of Small Animal Facility of Nation

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction The incidence of cholangi

  2022-03-22

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor found in both intra- and extra-hepatic biliary epithelia [1], has been increased worldwide over the past two decades [2]. The prognosis of CCA patients are generally poor, due to the lack of early detecti

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